An Agent-Based Model of Group Selection
نویسنده
چکیده
Mathematical models have shown that under some conditions natural selection can favor cooperative traits that benefit groups as a whole, but reduce individual fitness relative to the rest of their group (Sober and Wilson 1998). Unlike those in mathematical models however, groups in the real world may not be significant vehicles of selection because they are too few in number, too long in generation time, or too amorphous and ephemeral (e.g., Williams 1966; Dawkins 1982, p. 100; Dawkins 1989, p. 297). To address this issue we used an agent based approach that did not impose group structure on the population, but let it arise in an ecologically plausible way through interactions with the environment. Cooperation was represented as a difference in feeding restraint, such that some individuals maximized their individual food intake and overexploited resources to the detriment of all individuals in the area, while other individuals reduced their consumption and thereby increased the food supply for all individuals in the area. We used this model to address two questions: 1) Can spatial heterogeneity alone generate the local fitness effects and population structure necessary to drive group selection? 2) Does group selection require association among kin in order to be effective?
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تاریخ انتشار 2002